Accounting

Establishment of a Sole Proprietorship · Analysis of professional profile & activity · Selection of the correct NACE code (Activity Code - primary & secondary) · Review of requirements (licenses, chambers, certifications) · Declaration of commencement at the Independent Authority for Public Revenue (IAPR) · VAT regime (standard, exemption, special regimes) · Connection with myDATA & selection of invoicing method · Special cases - Freelancer / digital nomad · Professionals (doctors, engineers, lawyers) · Farmers (special/standard regime)

Incorporation of Companies (Legal Entities) - Private Capital Company (IKE) · Société Anonyme (SA) · Limited Liability Company (LLC) · General Partnership / Limited Partnership · Civil companies / joint ventures · Comparison of legal forms (taxation, liability, cost) · Participation in drafting the articles of association (in cooperation with a legal professional) · GEMI procedures · Acquisition of Tax Identification Number & TAXIS credentials · Appointment of manager / Board of Directors · Declaration of beneficial owners (UBO)

Changes to Business Details (IAPR) - Change of registered office · Change of business premises · Addition / removal of NACE codes · Change of VAT regime · Change of corporate details (name, activity) · Changes of managers / representatives

Management of GEMI & Corporate Obligations - Registrations & amendments in the General Commercial Registry (GEMI) · Filing of minutes · Submission of balance sheets & financial data · Monitoring of deadlines · Communication with chambers

Branches & Secondary Establishments - Establishment of a branch (domestic) · Declaration of warehouses, production facilities · Connection with Point of Sale (POS) / cash registers · Differentiation of activities per establishment

Cessation of Activities & Termination - Cessation of a sole proprietorship · Dissolution of a company · Liquidation (tax perspective) · Settlement of pending matters (VAT, taxes, myDATA) · Deletion from GEMI & registries

Transformations & Reorganizations - Conversion of a sole proprietorship into an IKE · Merger of companies · Spin-off of activities · Contribution of a sole proprietorship into a company · Tax-neutral transformations (where applicable)

Single-Entry Books (Income and Expenses) - Sole proprietorships · Self-employed professionals · Small companies under the single-entry regime · Recording of income by type of activity · Recording of expenses (deductible / non-deductible) · Separation of input / output VAT · Monitoring of advances and offsets · Categorization of expenses according to myDATA

Double-Entry Books - IKE, SA, LLC · Large sole proprietorships · Businesses with increased obligations · General and analytical accounting journals · General ledger accounts · Chart of accounts (Greek General Chart of Accounts - GGCA / Greek Accounting Standards - GAS) · Movements of profit & loss and balance sheet accounts · Monitoring of balances

Recording of Accounting Documents - Sales invoices · Purchase invoices · Retail receipts · Credit / cancellation notes · Self-billing · Intra-community transactions (at the recording level) · Correct calculation of VAT · Avoidance of duplicate entries · Accurate picture of profitability

Reconciliations & Controls - Cash reconciliation · Bank account reconciliation · Point of Sale (POS - Point Of Sale) & payment provider reconciliation · Customer-supplier reconciliation · Reconciliation of myDATA with accounting books · Identification of errors and discrepancies · Timely corrections before filings · Reliability during audits

Adjusting Entries - Accrued income/expenses · Prepaid expenses · Provisions for doubtful receivables · Depreciation of fixed assets · Inventory write-downs · Proper presentation of results · Avoidance of artificial profits or losses

Monitoring of Balances - Customers & receivables · Suppliers & liabilities · Taxes & duties · Social security obligations · Loans, creditors, leases (leasing) · Liquidity management · Forecasting of cash flow needs

myDATA & Accounting Representation - Classification of income by type · Classification of expenses (deductible / non-deductible) · Issuer-recipient verification · Handling of discrepancies · Corrections & resubmissions · VAT reconciliation · Accurate tax returns · Reduction of penalty risk

Trade & Retail - Cash registers · Inventory · POS · Discounts & returns · Services & self-employed professionals (freelancers) - Withholding taxes · Foreign invoicing · Mixed activities · Electronic commerce (e-commerce) - Platform reconciliation · Online marketplace commissions · Cash on delivery

Sales Documents - Sales Invoice · Service Invoice · Retail Receipt · Credit Invoice · Cancellation Document · Self-billing · Subsidy / compensation documents · Correct calculation of VAT · Correct timing of taxation · Reconciliation with myDATA & customer

Purchase & Expense Documents - Supplier invoices · Expense receipts · Travel / daily expenses · Fixed assets & capital expenditures · Intra-community transactions & imports · Control of deductible expenses · Correct recording of input VAT · Avoidance of non-recognizable expenses

Invoicing Policy Design · Advisory service, critical for medium and large enterprises. · Definition of document types per activity · Handling of discounts, bonuses, returns · Invoicing of packages / subscriptions · Advances and on-account payments · Different VAT rates · Invoicing of projects / phases · Reduction of tax errors · Clear revenue picture · Automated workflows

Electronic Invoicing (e-Invoicing) - Design & Implementation · Selection of provider or Enterprise Resource Planning system (ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning) · Configuration of series & types · Connection with myDATA · Format control · Configuration of approval workflows · e-Invoicing · Business-to-business invoicing (B2B) · Business-to-consumer invoicing (B2C) · Public sector invoicing · Cross-border electronic invoicing · Mass issuance of documents · Speed & accuracy · Reduction of operating costs · Compliance with obligations of the Independent Authority for Public Revenue (IAPR)

System Integration (ERP - POS - e-shop) · Integration of cash registers · POS integration · ERP ↔ accounting · e-shop ↔ invoicing · e-marketplace reports ↔ documents · Automatic issuance of documents · Avoidance of duplicate entries · Discrepancy control

Verification of Document Accuracy - Verification of counterparty details · VAT & exemption checks · Verification of charges & withholdings · Verification of issuance timing · Verification of sequence continuity · Prevention of fines · Avoidance of cancellations · Secure tax returns

myDATA & Documents - Classification of income by type · Classification of expenses · Real-time transmission control · Handling issuer-recipient discrepancies · Management of corrections · VAT reconciliation · Accurate results picture · Reduction of audits

Special Invoicing Cases - Food service & tips · Tourism & packages · Technical projects & certifications · Medical services · Transport & supply chain management (logistics) · Tax-related · Reverse charge · VAT exemptions · Triangular transactions · Intra-community services

Detailed Records Book - Detailed income entries · Detailed expense entries · Classification details · Counterparties · Tax categories · Transaction analysis · Tax base verification

Summary Book - Income totals by category · Expense totals by category · VAT totals · Period results · Applications · Cross-check with VAT returns · Verification of fiscal year results

myDATA Income Categories - Income from sale of goods · Income from provision of services · Other income / subsidies · Fixed asset income · Self-supplies · Foreign income · Proper taxation · Correct calculation of VAT & income tax

myDATA Expense Categories - Purchases of goods · Service expenses · Operating expenses · Payroll expenses · Fixed assets & depreciation · Non-deductible expenses · Proper determination of taxable profit · Control of deductible expenses

Income Classifications - Type of income · Method of taxation · VAT rate · Time of recognition · Relation to activity code (NACE - Activity Code)

Expense Classifications - Deductible / non-deductible · Expense category · Deductible / non-deductible VAT · Correlation with income · Time of recognition

Data Transmission Methods - Via Enterprise Resource Planning system (ERP) / commercial software · Via electronic invoicing provider · Via the Independent Authority for Public Revenue (IAPR) data entry form · Via accountant (bulk entries) · Via Application Programming Interface (API) · Selection of appropriate method based on business size

Management of Discrepancies & Errors - Non-transmitted income · Unclassified expenses · Issuer-recipient differences · Incorrect VAT / classification · Late transmissions · Cause analysis · Corrective entries · Retransmission · Documentation

myDATA & Tax Returns - Reconciliation of myDATA with VAT · Reconciliation with income tax forms · Discrepancy checks before submission · Tax forecasting · Reduction of audits · Secure filings

Special Cases & Sector-Specific Issues - Food service & retail · Electronic commerce & online marketplaces · Technical projects · Farmers · Subsidies

Value Added Tax (VAT) · Periodic VAT returns · Period-end clearance review · Management of VAT credits · Offsets / refunds · VAT on intra-community transactions · VAT on imports · Special VAT regimes · Correct tax calculation · Liquidity control · Avoidance of fines & interest

Corporate Income Tax · Calculation of taxable profits · Tax adjustments · Tax prepayment · Offset of losses from previous years · Management of tax differences · Realistic tax forecasting · Proper profit distribution strategy

Income Tax Returns · Legal entity tax returns · Amended returns · Complete and well-documented income picture · Avoidance of errors in presumptive criteria & income

Withholding Taxes on Third-Party Fees · Withholding on dividends · Withholding on interest · Stamp duty (where applicable) · Fees & contributions payable to third parties · Compliance with employer/payer obligations · Avoidance of retroactive charges

Tax Adjustments · Non-deductible expenses · Private vehicles & vehicle-related expenses · Fines & surcharges · Personal expenses · Excess over limits · Proper determination of profits · Legal safeguarding during audits

Control & Reconciliation of Income and Expenses with myDATA · VAT control · Management of discrepancies · Documentation of differences · Reduction of tax risk · Secure filings

In-Year Tax Planning · Quarterly tax forecasting · Profit and tax scenarios · Timing of expenses & investments · Management of tax prepayment · Improvement of cash flows

Debt Arrangements · Payment suspensions · Offsets · Debt certificates · Management of surcharges · Maintenance of tax clearance · Smooth business operation

Support during Tax Audits · Preparation of audit file · Risk analysis · Reconciliation of books and returns · Documentation of expenses · Support during the audit process · Reduction of fines · Faster completion of audits

Special Taxation Cases · Food service · Tourism · Technical projects · Farmers · Medical professions · Subsidies · Compensations · Regime changes · Retroactive income

Commencement & Management of the Employment Relationship - Hiring · Declaration of hiring · Definition of contract type · Definition of working hours · Inclusion in Collective Labor Agreements (CLAs) · Determination of insurance category · Systems · Lawful commencement of work · Avoidance of fines

Types of Employment Relationships - Full-time employment · Part-time employment · Rotational work · Fixed-term contracts · Seasonal work · Teleworking · Apprenticeship / internship

Payroll Calculation - Basic salary · Allowances (marriage, children, hazardous work, etc.) · Overtime · Night work · Public holidays · Bonuses & variable remuneration · Deductions & Contributions · Employee social security contributions · Employer social security contributions · Payroll income tax · Solidarity contribution · Other deductions · Correct net salary · Proper remittance of taxes & contributions

Working Time Management - Annual leave · Sick leave · Maternity/paternity leave · Special purpose leave · Absences · Overtime · Days off · Systems · Correct calculation of remuneration · Compliance with labor legislation

Declarations & Obligations to Authorities - National Social Security Institution (e-EFKA) · Analytical Periodic Declarations (APD) · Corrective APDs · Payment of contributions · Reconciliation of insurance balances · Independent Authority for Public Revenue (IAPR) · Remittance of payroll tax · Earnings certificates · Withholding tax declarations

Departures & Termination of Contract - Voluntary resignation · Dismissal · Expiry of fixed-term contract · Calculation of severance compensation · Final payroll settlement · Legal protection of the employer · Proper completion of the relationship

Payroll & Accounting Representation - Accounting posting of salaries · Allocation of personnel costs · Payroll-accounting reconciliation · Provisions for compensation

Special Cases & Sector-Specific Particularities - Food service & tourism · Seasonal businesses · Technical projects · Maritime professions · Agricultural work · Payroll subsidies · Independent contractor arrangements (“blockakia”) · Benefits in kind

Audits & Compliance - Preparation for audit · Reconciliation of salaries, APDs, and tax returns · Documentation of working hours · Analysis of labor costs

Preparation for Year-End Closing - Review of completeness of books · Verification that all documents have been recorded · Review of recognition period (cut-off) · Reconciliation of books with myDATA · Review of account balances · Reliable financial result for the period

Balance Reconciliations - Bank accounts · Cash · Customers & receivables · Suppliers & liabilities · Taxes, VAT, contributions · Loans & creditors · Identification of errors or omissions · Preparation for audit

Adjusting & Accrual Entries - Accrued expenses · Accrued income · Prepaid expenses · Deferred income · Provisions for doubtful receivables · Provisions for employee severance · Impairment of fixed assets · Inventory write-downs · Depreciation of fixed assets · Calculation of tax & accounting depreciation · Differences between accounting and tax depreciation · Monitoring of fixed asset register · Correct financial result for the period · Proper tax treatment

Financial Statements - Income Statement · Turnover · Gross result · Operating expenses · Financial results · Net result for the period · Profitability analysis · Comparison with previous periods · Balance Sheet · Assets (fixed assets, inventories, receivables) · Liabilities (equity, obligations) · Equity position · Financial position overview · Use by banks & investors · Notes & Disclosures · Accounting principles · Analysis of line items · Commitments & contingent liabilities · Subsequent events

Year-End Closing by Legal Form - Sole Proprietorships - Determination of net profit · Tax adjustments · Transfer of result to the tax return · IKE / LLC / SA - Profit appropriation statement · Reserves · Distribution of profits / dividends · Minutes of management bodies

Publications & Obligations - Submission of financial statements to the General Commercial Registry (GEMI) · Submission of balance sheets · Deadlines & compliance · Audit support

Linkage with Taxation - Reconciliation of results with income tax returns · Review of adjustments · Forecast of next year’s tax · Profit distribution strategies

Costing (Cost Accounting) - Types of Costs - Direct cost · Indirect cost · Fixed cost · Variable cost · Mixed cost · Opportunity cost · Costing Methods - Product costing · Service costing · Project costing · Activity-based costing · Job order costing · Process costing · Correct pricing · Margin control

Production & Service Delivery Costs - Raw materials · Labor · Manufacturing overheads · Cost allocation · Expense absorption

Margin & Profitability Analysis - Gross margin · Contribution per product/service · Break-even point · Sensitivity analysis · Profit per customer · Price increase/decrease decisions · Discontinuation of non-profitable products

Budgeting & Forecasting - Annual · Departmental · Sales · Expenses · Investments · Cash flows · Rolling forecasts · Best / base / worst-case scenarios · Tax forecasts · Liquidity forecasts

Variance Analysis - Cost variance · Price variance · Volume variance · Efficiency variance · Budget vs actual variance · Timely strategy correction · Management control

Cost Allocation & Cost Centers - Cost centers · Profit centers · Allocation of overheads · Internal pricing

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) & Management Reporting - Indicative KPIs · Profit margin · Cost per unit · Personnel cost · Cash conversion cycle

Linkage with Accounting & myDATA - Data extraction · Reconciliation with accounting books · Interpretation of variances · No impact on tax reporting

Sector-Specific Applications - Manufacturing · Bill of Materials (BOM) · Production line cost · Services · Hourly cost · Project charging · Trade & electronic commerce (e-commerce) · Margins by channel · Supply chain (logistics) management cost

Cash Flow Analysis - Operating flows · Investing flows · Financing flows · Extraordinary flows · Sources & Uses of Cash · Customer collections · Supplier payments · Payroll · Taxes & contributions · Loans / repayments · Fixed asset investments

Receivables Management · Credit policy · Payment terms · Management of delays · Payment reminders · Settlements · Analysis of collection capacity · Improvement of liquidity · Reduction of bad debts

Payments Management · Payment scheduling · Prioritization of obligations · Negotiation of supplier terms · Avoidance of unnecessary surcharges · Coordination of taxes & payroll

Working Capital - Components · Receivables · Inventories · Liabilities · Indicators · Cash conversion cycle · Average collection period, Average supplier payment period, Average inventory holding period · Liquidity optimization · Growth planning

Cash Flow Forecasting - Short-term forecasting (weekly) · Medium-term forecasting (monthly) · Long-term forecasting · Stress test scenarios · Tax & VAT forecasting

Liquidity Management in Special Cases - Seasonality · Rapid growth · Revenue decline · Investments · Crises (e.g. pandemics)

Linkage with Bank Financing - Preparation of Cash Flow Statements · Repayment capacity analysis · Support in financing · Contractual (loan) covenants & controls

Fixed Assets - Asset Categories · Buildings & facilities · Machinery & equipment · Vehicles · Furniture & IT equipment · Intangible assets (software, licenses, rights) · Fixed Asset Register · Recording of acquisition date · Acquisition cost · Depreciation rate · Accumulated depreciation · Residual value · Location/department of use · Accurate picture of assets · Tax depreciation · Accounting depreciation · Accounting-tax differences · Accelerated depreciation · Value revaluations · Fixed Asset Movements · Purchases · Improvements/upgrades · Sales · Disposals/destructions · Leasing

Inventories - Merchandise · Raw materials · Work in progress · Finished goods · Consumables · Inventory counting · Physical inventory · Accounting inventory · Periodic inventory · Perpetual inventory · Year-end inventory · Valuation Methods · First In - First Out (FIFO) · Weighted average cost · Net realizable value · Write-downs & shrinkage

Reconciliations & Controls - Warehouse reconciliation with accounting · Control of shortages/surpluses · Analysis of discrepancies · Control of thefts / losses

Tax Treatment · Deductible depreciation · Tax treatment of inventories · Taxation of sale of fixed assets · VAT on fixed assets · Fixed asset subsidies

Linkage with Costing & Liquidity - Impact of inventories on cost · Capital tie-up · Return on fixed asset investments · Return on Investment (ROI) analysis

Sector-Specific Applications - Trade · Department stores · E-commerce warehouses · Manufacturing · Production lines · Bill of Materials (BOM) · Technical Companies · Project equipment · Machinery

Sales Channels - Online store (e-shop) · Shopify · WooCommerce · Magento · Time of document issuance · Discounts / coupons · Shipping costs · Returns & cancellations · Online marketplaces & platforms - Skroutz · Amazon · Etsy · eBay · Airbnb / Booking (services & properties) · Platform commissions · Aggregated payments · Periodic reports · Differences between sale and collection · POS & Physical Points of Sale - Bank Point of Sale (POS) · Fintech POS · Mobile POS · POS combined with cash register

Payment Methods - Credit / debit cards · Cash on delivery · Bank transfer · Electronic wallets (PayPal etc.) · Separation of net collections · Commission control

Accounting Representation of Digital Sales · Recording of sales by channel · Recording of platform commissions · Management of sales VAT · Management of returns · Separation of revenue and collections

Reconciliations & Controls - Sales reconciliation · Sales vs documents · Collections reconciliation · Platforms vs bank deposits · Wallets vs accounts · Identification of discrepancies · Loss prevention

Tax Issues & VAT - Retail VAT · Shipping VAT · Cross-border sales · One Stop Shop regime (OSS) · VAT on platform commissions

System Integration · E-shop with ERP · ERP with myDATA · POS with cash registers · Marketplace reports with accounting · Automation · Error reduction

Special Cases - Pre-sales · Subscriptions · Digital products · Dropshipping · Sector-specific · Tourism services · Educational platforms · SaaS (at the level of accounting representation)

Categories of Real Estate Exploitation - Long-Term Leases · Residential properties · Commercial premises · Warehouses · Agricultural land · Monthly rent · Adjustments · Expiry/termination of lease · Short-Term Rentals - Airbnb · Booking · Vrbo · Direct bookings · Daily/weekly charges · Platform commissions · Cleaning expenses · Reservation management · Professional Real Estate Exploitation - Property management companies · Tourist accommodations · Serviced apartments · Commercial properties

Declarations & Registries - Declaration of new lease · Lease modification · Lease termination · Co-ownership agreements · Short-Term Stay Registry · Property registration · Management of multiple properties · Co-ownerships · Annual Property Declarations - Detailed rental statement · Individual income · Company declarations

Tax Treatment of Income - Individuals - Taxation based on real estate income scale · Management of uncollected rents · Co-ownership & allocation · Legal Entities - Taxation of business income · VAT (where applicable) · Depreciation of properties · Management expenses

Expenses & Deductible Costs · Maintenance & repairs · Common expenses · Utility bills for electricity, water, telecommunications, post · Management fees · Platform commissions · Property insurance · Reduction of taxable income · Documentation for audits

VAT & Special Regimes - VAT exemption for residential properties · VAT on tourism services · Provision of additional services · Separation of passive income and business activity

Reconciliations & Controls - Platforms vs bank collections · Rents vs declarations · Commission control · Verification of completeness of declarations

Special Scenarios & Cases - Inactive properties · Partial leasing · Co-ownerships with different percentages · Change of exploitation method · Transfer of property during the fiscal year

Categories of International Transactions - Intra-Community Transactions (EU) · Sales of goods to member states · Purchases of goods from member states · Provision of services within the EU · Receipt of services from the EU · VAT exemption · Reverse charge · Obligations for recapitulative statements · Transactions with Third Countries (outside the EU) · Imports of goods · Exports of goods · Services from/to third countries · Customs procedures · Import VAT · Customs duties · Import documentation

VAT in International Transactions - Intra-Community VAT · VAT validity check (VIES - VAT Information Exchange System) · Time of taxation · Submission of recapitulative statements (VIES) · INTRASTAT (where required) · Export VAT · Import VAT · Export exemption · Customs supporting documents · Linkage with accounting

Withholding Taxes & Double Taxation - Withholding tax on foreign fees · Withholding on interest/royalties · Application of Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAA) · Foreign tax credit · Documentation of tax residence · Avoidance of double taxation · Reduction of tax cost

Cross-Border Services & Digital Economy · IT services · Online platforms · Foreign freelancers · Place of taxation · VAT on services · Permanent establishment

Transfer Pricing - Documentation of intra-group transactions · Pricing policies · Comparability studies · Documentation file

myDATA & International Transactions - Classification of foreign income · Classification of foreign expenses · Management of non-taxable VAT · Reconciliation with returns

Special Scenarios - Greek company with foreign customers · Freelancer invoicing outside Greece · Online store (e-shop) with EU shipments · Dropshipping · Foreign permanent establishment

Forms of Financing - Bank Financing - Working capital loans · Investment loans · Overdraft accounts · Leasing · Bank guarantees · Alternative Financing - Venture capital · Angel investors · Private equity · Crowdfunding · Factoring

Preparation of Financial Dossier - Financial statements · Cash flows · Forecasts · Profitability analysis · Risk analysis · Persuasive presentation · Reduction of rejections

Business plan & financial models - Revenue forecasts · Expense forecasts · Liquidity forecasts · Growth scenarios · Break-even analysis

Indicators & Viability Assessment · Indicative ratios

Support in negotiations · Analysis of loan terms · Contractual commitments (covenants) · Repayment schedules · Impact on liquidity & taxes

Financial & tax due diligence · Review of accounting books · Review of tax obligations · Liquidity review · Risk analysis

Financing & myDATA / Taxation · Reconciliation of financial data · Review of tax returns · Tax implications of financing · Deferred taxes

Types of Programs & Incentives - Investment Programs · Equipment & machinery · Building interventions · Software & digital solutions · Intangible assets (certifications, studies) · Operating Grants · Payroll costs · New hires · Staff training · Consulting services · Tax Incentives · Tax exemptions · Accelerated depreciation · Tax refunds · Subsidy of financing costs

Financial Program Planning - Business eligibility review · Review of eligible expenses · Project budgeting · Allocation of expenses by phase · Project cash flows · Realistic planning · Avoidance of expense rejection

Accounting Monitoring of Subsidies - Separate accounting monitoring · Expense coding · Separation of subsidized / non-subsidized · Monitoring of absorption · Reconciliation with budget

Management of Documents & Documentation - Verification of document completeness · Verification of payments (bank trail) · Time eligibility · Proper classification of expenses · Documentation of fixed asset purchases · Avoidance of cuts · Successful audit

Tax Treatment of Subsidies - Taxation or exemption of subsidies · Treatment of VAT on subsidized expenses · Fixed asset subsidies & depreciation · Payroll subsidies · Deferred income

Audits & Project Certifications - Preparation of audit file · Support during on-site audits · Responses to observations · Corrections & supplements · Project completion

Special Scenarios & Risks - Partial implementation · Delays · Budget changes · Replacement of fixed assets · Cancellation or repayment of subsidy

Objectives of Internal Control - Reliability of financial data · Compliance with laws & regulations · Protection of assets · Process efficiency · Transparency & accountability

Process Mapping - Purchasing process · Sales process · Payment process · Payroll process · Inventory process · Fixed assets process · Identification of weaknesses · Standardization of operations

Segregation of Duties - Approval vs execution · Invoicing vs collection · Recording vs reconciliation · Payment vs control · Fraud reduction · Error reduction

Policies & Internal Regulations - Documentation policy · Expense policy · Approval policy · Inventory policy · Fixed asset policy · Compliance policy

Controls & Safeguards - Preventive controls · Detective controls · Sample controls · Reconciliations & verifications · Exceptions & alerts

Risk Management - Operational risks · Tax risks · Cash flow risks · Fraud risks · Compliance risks

Compliance - Tax compliance · Labor compliance · myDATA & digital obligations · General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in financial data · Internal policies

Internal Audits & Reporting - Periodic audits · Findings reports · Corrective action plans · Monitoring of implementation

Preparation for External Audits - Tax authorities · Statutory auditors · Investors · Banks · Subsidies

Types of Reviews - Financial Due Diligence - Review of financial statements · Profitability analysis · Cash flow analysis · Quality of earnings · Working capital review · Tax Due Diligence - Review of tax returns · Review of VAT & withholdings · Review of tax adjustments · Outstanding tax obligations · Future tax risks · Accounting Due Diligence - Reconciliation of books · Accuracy of depreciation · Inventories & valuations · Provisions & liabilities

Data Room & Documentation - Organization of financial files · Collection of contracts · Presentation of financial data · Questions & answers with investors

Valuations & Financial Models - Discounted Cash Flows (DCF) · EBITDA multiples · Asset-based valuation · Valuation scenarios

Transaction Tax Planning - Transaction structure (asset deal vs share deal) · Tax consequences · Deferred taxes · Loss carryforwards

Negotiation Support - Purchase price adjustments · Clauses & warranties · Earn-outs · Cash/debt-free implications

Post-Transaction Support - Integration of accounting departments · Process reorganization · Transformations · Smooth transition

Risks & Red Flags - Undeclared income · Tax contingencies · Inadequate provisions · Weak processes · Dependence on a limited number of customers

Types of Valuations - Business Valuation - Going concern valuation · Liquidation valuation · Valuation of shares / equity interests · Valuation of a startup / scale-up · Asset Valuation - Tangible fixed assets · Intangible assets, brand/trademark, software, and intellectual property (IP) · Real estate (in cooperation with appraisers) · Investments & holdings

Valuation Methods - Discounted Cash Flows (DCF) · Cash flow forecasts · Determination of Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) · Terminal value · Sensitivity analysis · Market Multiples - EBITDA multiples · Revenue multiples · Comparable companies · Size & risk adjustments · Asset-Based Methods - Net asset value · Adjusted net asset value · Impairments & provisions

Feasibility & Viability Studies - Financial viability · Cash flow viability · Operational viability · Tax viability · Break-even analysis · Investment decision · Expansion decision · Business cessation decision

Special Financial Reports - Independent valuation reports · Reports for court use · Reports for banks · Reports for investors · Reports for internal management

Assumptions, Scenarios & Sensitivity - Best / base / worst-case scenarios · Risk analysis · Stress testing · Changes in key parameters

Linkage with Taxation & Accounting - Tax implications of valuation · Deferred taxes · Documentation for audits · Use in transformations

Special Scenarios - Valuation for investor entry · Valuation for shareholder exit · Valuation of a family business · Valuation in restructuring

Types of Tax Audits - Regular Tax Audit · Audit of accounting books · Audit of documents · Audit of tax returns · Audit of myDATA reconciliations · Temporary / Partial Audit - Audit of a specific tax · Audit of a specific fiscal year · VAT refund audit · Subsidy audit · Cross-Checks & Digital Audits - Cross-check of bank transactions · myDATA cross-check · Cross-check of Point of Sale (POS) & collections · Platform cross-checks

Preparation of Audit File - Collection of books & returns · Reconciliation of accounting and tax data · Documentation of expenses · Analysis of bank movements · Revenue analysis

During the Audit - Presence & support · Provision of information · Technical explanations · Management of auditors’ requests · Action timeline

Tax Assessment Acts - Provisional assessment · Final assessment · Additional taxes · Fines & surcharges

Objections, Appeals & Administrative Procedures - Submission of objections · Administrative dispute resolution · Administrative appeals · Documentation of claims · Support in hearings

Debt Management after the Audit - Payment arrangements · Offsets · Suspensions · Monitoring of payments

Prevention & Reduction of Tax Risk - Preventive audit · Corrective actions · Internal policies · Staff training

Special Cases - Large enterprise audits · Individual audits · Foreign audits · Real estate audits · Subsidy audits

Fields of Application of Forensic Accounting - Fraud Examination · Embezzlement of funds · Fictitious invoices · Duplicate payments · Manipulation of expenses · Concealment of revenue · Internal Abuse · Misuse of cash · Misuse of inventory · Unauthorized payments · Conflict of interest · Misuse of corporate cards · Financial Disputes - Partner / shareholder disputes · Family businesses · Disputes in acquisitions · Breach of contracts

Forensic Audit Techniques & Methods - Analysis of bank transactions · Processing of transaction data · High-risk sampling · Analysis of time patterns · Review of master data · Correlation analysis

Cash & Liquidity Review - Cash vs books comparison · Point of Sale (POS) & collections review · Analysis of cancellations · Review of returns · Analysis of cash leaks

Procurement & Payments Review - Supplier review · IBAN verification · Duplicate payments · Unauthorized approvals · Fictitious suppliers

Inventory & Fixed Assets Review - Physical vs accounting inventory · Losses / thefts · Misuse of equipment · Unjustified impairments

Digital Data & Log Files - Change history · User rights · Audit trails · Timestamping of entries

Documentation & Legal Support - Forensic reports · Chronological analysis of events · Damage schedules · Evidence documentation · Court support

Prevention & Future Safeguarding - Strengthening of internal controls · Process redesign · Approval policies · Staff training · Fraud risk assessment

Annual Individual Income Tax Return - Income Tax Return · Income subcategories · Employment income · Pensions · Business activity · Agricultural income · Capital income · Other / extraordinary income · Correct tax calculation · Avoidance of errors in tax brackets & reductions · Supplementary Forms - Income from real estate · Business activity · Spouses’ declarations (joint / separate)

Real Estate & Presumptions - Property management · Declaration of rents · Uncollected rents · Co-ownerships · Vacant properties · Living & Acquisition Presumptions - Residences · Cars · Vessels · Living expenses · Acquisition of assets · Avoidance of imputed income · Proper handling of source-of-funds (pothen esches)

Capital Income & Investments - Deposit interest · Dividends · Capital gains from transfer of shares · Cryptocurrencies (accounting-tax approach) · Foreign investments

Tax Reductions, Deductions & Exemptions - Medical expenses · Donations · Mortgage interest (where applicable) · Disability · Children · Energy upgrades · Applications · Reduction of final tax · Correct calculation of deductions

Installments, Liabilities & Management of Tax Status - Installment arrangements · Refund offsets · Debt certificates · Tax clearance · Monitoring of deadlines

Amended Returns & Corrections - Error corrections · Late filings · Retroactive income · Presumption corrections

Tax Residence & Foreign Matters - Transfer of tax residence · Declaration of foreign income · Double taxation avoidance agreements · Digital nomads

Personal Tax Planning - Family tax planning · Management of income from multiple sources · Planning of purchases/sales · Timing of income & expenses

Special Cases - High incomes · Multiple properties · Pensioners with additional income · Inheritances & parental gifts (tax perspective) · Repatriation

Outsourcing Models - Full - Bookkeeping · myDATA · Returns & taxes · Payroll · Financial reporting · Audit support · Systems · Small & medium-sized enterprises · Startups without an in-house accounting department · Partial - Allocation of responsibilities with internal staff · Control & supervision · Month / year-end closing · Tax audit & compliance · Specialized - Only myDATA · Only payroll · Only reporting submission / management and control · Only tax returns

Included Services - Accounting - Recording of documents · Bank & Point of Sale (POS) reconciliations · Adjusting entries · Month-end closing · Tax - VAT · Income tax · Withholdings · Arrangements & offsets · Payroll & human resources support · Payroll · Hiring / departures · Earnings certificates · Administrative & Advisory - Financial reporting · Decision support · Ongoing tax advisory

Continuous Client Support - Monthly communication · Decision support · Review of documents before issuance · Immediate tax responses · Updates on legislative changes

Procedures & Organization - Timelines · Roles & responsibilities · Deliverables per period · Communication channels · Escalation process

Technology & Tools · Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP) / accounting software · Cloud files · Automations · Client integration

Benefits for the Business - Cost reduction · Access to expertise · Consistent quality · Flexibility · Risk reduction

Special Scenarios - Startup in growth phase · Business without a finance department · Transfer of accounting from in-house to outsourced · Reorganization after an audit

Trade & Retail - Wholesale · Retail · Department stores · Franchising · Perpetual inventory · Point of Sale (POS) & cash registers · Discounts & returns · Profit margins · Systems · Inventory control · Loss reduction

Electronic Commerce & Digital Businesses - Online store (e-shop) · SaaS · Subscription services · Digital products · One Stop Shop regime (OSS) · Platforms · Commissions · International sales

Food Service & Tourism - Restaurants · Cafés - bars · Hotels · Tourism services · Multiple VAT rates · Tips · Seasonal staff · Raw material costs

Technical & Construction Companies - Public works · Private projects · Subcontracting · Certifications · Project costing · Bank guarantees · VAT on projects

Freelancers & Service Providers - Consultants · Engineers · Doctors · Lawyers · Withholdings · “Blockaki” invoicing · Professional expenses

Agricultural Operations - Farmers under special regime · Farmers under standard regime · Cooperatives · Special VAT regimes · Subsidies · Fixed assets & machinery

Real Estate - Leasing · Short-term leasing · Real estate companies · VAT or exemption · Depreciation

Shipping & Transport - Road transport · Shipping services · Supply chain (logistics) management · Fuel · International transport · Special VAT regimes

Non-Governmental Organizations, Associations & Non-Profit Entities · Associations · Foundations · Non-profit civil companies · Donations · Grants · Special tax treatment

Inventory Categories - Merchandise · Purchases for resale · Imported goods · Merchandise by sales channel · Raw Materials & Consumables - Production raw materials · Packaging materials · Operating consumables · Semi-finished & Finished Products - Work in progress (WIP) · Finished products · Made-to-order products

Warehouse & Inventory Organization - Central warehouse · Branches · Third-party warehouses (3PL) · Dropshipping · E-commerce warehouse · Inventory traceability · Availability control

Warehouse Movements - Receipts · Internal transfers · Issues / shipments · Customer returns · Supplier returns · Destruction / losses

Inventory Counting - Types of Inventory - Physical inventory · Accounting inventory · Periodic inventory · Perpetual inventory · Year-end inventory · Inventory Process - Definition of date · Counting · Reconciliation with warehouse · Reconciliation with accounting · Documentation of differences · Reliable operating result · Audit documentation

Inventory Valuation - Methods - First In - First Out (FIFO) · Weighted average cost · Specific identification · Net realizable value · Valuation Issues · Shrinkage & losses · Expired products · Inventory discounts · Write-downs

Accounting & Tax Treatment - Cost of goods sold · Impact of inventory on results · Tax recognition of shrinkage · Inventory VAT · Documentation of losses

Warehouse Reconciliation - Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP) / Accounting · Quantity control · Value control · Movement control · Investigation of discrepancies · Adjusting entries

Loss & Risk Control - Theft · Posting errors · Incorrect invoicing · System failures · Poor warehouse management

Linkage with Costing & Pricing - Product cost · Profit margins · Pricing decisions · Analysis of loss-making products

Sector-Specific Applications - Trade & Retail · Multi-coding · Discounts · Electronic commerce · Multi-channel inventories · Returns management · Manufacturing · Bill of Materials (BOM) · Production shrinkage

Objectives of Tax Planning - Reduction of total tax burden · Optimization of cash flows · Prevention of fines & disputes · Legal safeguarding · Long-term tax stability

Tax Planning for Businesses - Selection of Legal Form (sole proprietorship, GP / LP, IKE, SA) · Comparison of tax burdens · Growth planning · Timing of Income & Expenses · Income deferral · Acceleration of expenses · Provisions · Depreciation · Profit Distribution · Salary vs dividend · Reserves · Reinvestment · Tax implications

Tax Planning for Individuals - Management of income from multiple sources · Family planning · Presumptions & source-of-funds (pothen esches) · Inheritances & parental gifts · Transfer of assets

Tax Planning of International Activities - Selection of country of activity · Tax residence · Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAA) · Permanent establishment · Structuring of international transactions

Tax Planning of Investments - Real estate · Fixed assets · Participations · Subsidies · Financing

VAT & Indirect Taxes - Selection of VAT regime · One Stop Shop regime (OSS) · Reverse charge mechanism · Exemptions · Offsets

Payroll Tax Planning · Benefits in kind · Bonuses & variable remuneration · Employer cost · Subsidized hires

Tax Planning in Transformations · Mergers · Spin-offs · Conversions · Contribution of a business sector

Scenarios & Simulations · Tax forecasts · Long-term scenarios

Risks & Limits · Anti-avoidance rules · Documentation of decisions · Transparency · Substance over form